Malawi has been recognised by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as a key area for bat conservation in Africa, thanks to its incredible diversity of bat species. However, the country faces significant challenges, including deforestation and agricultural pressures, which threaten bat populations and the habitats they depend on.
At Kumbali, African Bat Conservation (ABC) is dedicated to studying and protecting these incredible animals, having led research and conservation efforts in Malawi for over 10 years. By focusing on key habitats, we strive to better understand and safeguard local bat populations.
The rich diversity of bat species found at Kumbali highlights the importance of preserving these habitats to support biodiversity and maintain healthy ecosystems. Conservation efforts are essential to protecting bats, reducing disturbances to their roosting sites, and maintaining their vital ecological roles, such as insect control.
Our shared commitment to balancing land use with conservation priorities ensures Kumbali Country Lodge is not just a beautiful destination but also a haven for biodiversity. Together, we invite you to explore and support the remarkable world of bats during your stay.
Bat Species at Kumbali:
Variegated butterfly bat
The variegated butterfly bat (Glauconycteris variegata) is a fascinating species that contributes to the rich biodiversity of Malawi and the wider African continent. Known for its striking appearance and important ecological role, this small nocturnal bat belongs to the family Vespertilionidae. Its recent discovery at Kumbali underscores the area’s ecological value and the need to protect its habitats.
Easily distinguished by its unique fur, a blend of brown, grey, and reddish tones, this bat is truly distinctive among mammals. With a wingspan of around 25 cm (10 inches) and a body length of 10-12 cm (4-5 inches), the variegated butterfly bat is a small but remarkable creature. Its large ears, finely tuned for echolocation, allows it to navigate and hunt insects in the dark with precision.
The variegated butterfly bat thrives in dense forests and woodlands, habitats that provide the shelter and food it needs to survive. However, these habitats are increasingly threatened by deforestation, urban development, and agricultural expansion. Although currently listed as "Least Concern" on the IUCN Red List, the ongoing loss of its habitat could pose significant risks to its populations in the future. Continued conservation efforts are thereore required to ensure that this enchanting bat continues to thrive in places like Kumbali, which serve as crucial refuges for biodiversity.
Macronycteris (Old World leaf-nosed bats)
The genus Macronycteris is part of the family Hipposideridae, a group of bats commonly known as Old World leaf-nosed bats. These bats are notable for their intricate noseleaf structures, which play a critical role in echolocation. Medium to large in size, Macronycteris species are a group of insectivorous bats found across Africa and nearby islands. They inhabit a variety of environments, from dense forests to savannas, and often roost in caves, tree hollows, or abandoned structures. In Malawi, two species of Macronycteris are of particular interest:
1. Giant Leaf-Nosed Bat (Macronycteris gigas): One of the largest bats in its family, it has a robust build and large wingspan. Found in forested areas or near water sources, it feeds on a variety of insects. Classified as “Near Threatened” by the IUCN, this species faces pressures from habitat destruction and human disturbance at its roosting sites.
2. Striped Leaf-Nosed Bat (Macronycteris vittatus): Slightly smaller than the giant leaf-nosed bat, this bat is recognised by the subtle stripes on its back and wings. It occupies similar habitats to its giant counterpart and relies on stable insect populations for sustenance. Although classified as “Least Concern” by the IUCN, it still faces localised threats from habitat loss and human activities.
During recent fieldwork at Kumbali, the ABC team captured a Macronycteris bat, marking an exciting discovery for ABC and Kumbali. Until now, the only recorded instance of a bat from this genus dated back to 2020, when an individual was captured at the Banana Plantation in Kumbali.
The team is currently working to determine whether the newly captured bat is the giant or striped leaf-nosed bat, as distinguishing between these two species in the field can be challenging. Regardless of the outcome, this discovery contributes to the historical record and highlights the ecological value of Kumbali, emphasising the need for ongoing monitoring and research in the region.
Sundevall’s roundleaf bat
Sundevall’s roundleaf bat (Hipposideros caffer) is a medium-sized insectivorous bat notable for its horseshoe-shaped nose leaf, a specialised structure that enhances its echolocation abilities. This species, one of 67 in the Hipposideros genus, displays two distinct adult colour phases and is widely distributed across sub-Saharan Africa (excluding dense central rainforests).
While typically associated with savannas, Sundavall’s roundleaf bat can adapt to various habitats, including Acacia shrublands, bushveld, coastal forests, and mopane woodlands. The species is known for roosting in caves, hollow trees, abandoned buildings, and manmade structures, where it often forms colonies numbering in the thousands.
At Kumbali, the Sundevall’s roundleaf bat has been observed roosting in large numbers at the Banana Barn, an important site for long-term roost monitoring for the ABC team. This barn hosts a colony of considerable ecological importance, providing valuable insights into the species’ ecology, including its population dynamics and behaviour. Sundevall’s roundleaf bats specialise in hunting moths, which can make up to 92% of their diet.
Though currently classified as "Least Concern" by IUCN due to its widespread distribution and adaptable nature, the species’ reliance on specific habitats highlights the importance of ongoing monitoring and conservation. ABC’s long-term research at Kumbali not only helps safeguard the local population but also provides valuable insights into the species' broader ecological role and conservation needs.
Hildebrandt’s horseshoe bat
The Hildebrandt’s horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus hildebrandtii), a member of the Rhinolophidae family, is easily recognised by its horseshoe-shaped noseleaf. This distinctive anatomical feature not only defines its unique appearance but also plays a vital role in its highly specialised echolocation system, enabling it to navigate complex environments and efficiently hunt insects.
As a key insectivore, the Hildebrandt’s horseshoe bat helps manage agricultural pests, making it a crucial contributor to ecosystem balance in both natural and agricultural settings. It inhabits diverse ecosystems across eastern and southern Africa, from dry savannas to humid forests, and roosts in caves, tree hollows, and abandoned buildings. At Kumbali, the Hildebrandt’s horseshoe bat has been documented in the banana plantation during ABC bat surveys, an area rich in insect prey and suitable habitat. While generally solitary, individuals may occasionally roost in small colonies and display various social interactions. Their dependence on stable insect populations underscores the importance of preserving their habitats.
Currently listed as “Least Concern” by the IUCN, the Hildebrandt’s horseshoe bat faces significant threats from habitat destruction. Activities such as deforestation, agricultural expansion, and urbanisation reduce the availability of critical roosting sites, while the use of chemical pesticides diminishes their insect prey. Conservation efforts to protect their habitats are essential for ensuring their continued survival.
Whilst at Kumbali why not join ABC to take park in our research activities!
Roost monitoring
The Banana Barn at Kumbali is a vital roost for the Sundevall’s roundleaf bat and has been monitored long-term to understand its role in bat ecology and conservation. In addition, the nearby Banana Plantation is a biodiversity hotspot, supporting a wide variety of bat species due to its location and diverse habitats. ABC’s research here has focused on understanding the roosting and foraging preferences of bats, their loyalty to roosting sites, and their diet. This work sheds light on the critical role bats play in maintaining healthy ecosystems and controlling pests in agriculture.
Bat boxes
Since 2018, ABC has installed bat boxes around Lilongwe, including the Kumbali estate, to address the loss of natural roosting habitats. These artificial roosts provide safe spaces for bats to live, breed, and avoid predators. They also support natural pest control, as bats feed on insects like mosquitoes and agricultural pests, benefiting both the environment and local communities. You can come join us in checking the boxes, or donate towards installation of new boxes across Kumbali.
Opportunistic surveys
In addition to undertaking research at our core sites here at Kumbali, ABC conducts opportunistic bat surveys across Lilongwe, including within the Kumbali area. These surveys provide valuable data on species presence, abundance, size, health, diet, and parasitic infections. For less-studied species, genetic samples are collected to better understand their biology and conservation needs.
As part of its innovative research, ABC is also recording bat echolocation calls during these surveys. This data is being used to train an advanced algorithm designed to build a comprehensive bioacoustic library. This library will help in the automated identification of bat species based on their unique echolocation calls, providing a powerful tool for long-term monitoring and conservation efforts.
What will you do with ABC Research Team
Bat box making & Bat box checking
Clients can participate in a bat box-making workshop held either at Kumbali or Research Centre. During this hands-on activity, they collaboratively construct a wooden bat box under guidance. Each bat box is crafted by two participants working together, with the process designed to take approximately one hour. Sessions are available between 9 AM and 4 PM, offering an engaging and educational experience in wildlife conservation.
Clients also can participate in a guided activity to inspect existing bat boxes (5 per group) located around Kumbali. This hands-on experience allows them to learn about bat monitoring techniques, identify signs of bat activity, and contribute to the conservation effort.
Bat box making
Group size: All
Duration: 1 hour
Timing: 9-4 pm
Bat box checking
Group size: Groups of 6 people
Duration: 1-2 hours
Timing: AM 8-12 PM 1-5
Opportunistic surveys with bat trapping
The ABC team conducts a live demonstration of bat trapping on the lawn in front of the lodge, accompanied by an informative talk. During this engaging session, clients have the unique opportunity to observe the trapping process, learn about bat ecology and conservation, and see bats up close in a safe and respectful manner.
Group size: 5-10 people
Duration: 1 hour
Timing: 5 PM onwards
Bat acoustic walks
The ABC team leads clients on an evening bat walk around Kumbali Farm/Reserve, utilizing bat detectors to identify bat activity. Participants will experience the fascinating world of bat acoustics, with real-time sonograms displayed on connected devices, showcasing the calls of bats as they fly by. This immersive one-hour experience at dusk provides insights into bat behavior and their ecological importance.
Group size: 10 people
Duration: 1 hour
Timing: dusk
Bat roost visits
The ABC team guides clients on a visit to the banana barn roost, providing an up-close opportunity to observe bats in their natural habitat. The team will give an informative talk on bat ecology, behavior, and conservation during this 40-minute session, available during the day or at dusk.
Group size: 10 people
Duration: 40 minutes
Timing: daytime or Dusk at emergence
Meet the team, come to visit us at our office!
Or ask at reception for more information!
Links
WEBSITE – https://www.africanbatconservation.org/
INSTAGRAM – @AFRICANBATCONSERVATION
X – @African_Bat
Bluesky – @africanbatcon.bsky.social
HELP US TO HELP THE BATS
DONATIONS THROUGH PAYPAL - https://www.paypal.com/biz/fund?id=T9LUGMES628HA
Contacts
Contact us:
Kieran O’Malley - Research Manager
Number: +265 894242993
Luisa Auletta - Senior Research Assistant
Number: +265 982262522
Kumbali Bat Species List
Latin name | Common Name |
Afronycteris nana | Banana pipistrelle bat |
Chaerophon pumilus | Little free-tailed bat |
Epomophorus crypturus | Peter’s epauletted fruit bat |
Epomophorus labiatus | Ethiopian epauletted fruit bat |
Epomophorus walhbergi | Wahlberg’s epauletted fruit bat |
Glauconycteris variegata | Variegated butterfly bat |
Hipposideros caffer | Sundevall’s leaf-nosed bat |
Macronycteris gigas | Giant leaf-nosed bat |
Mops condylurus | Angolan free-tailed bat |
Mops niveiventer | White-bellied free-tailed bat |
Myotis bocagii | Rufous myotis |
Myotis welwitschii | Welwitsch’s bat |
Neoromicia anchietae | Anchieta’s serotine |
Nycteris macrotis | Large-eared slit-faced bat |
Nycteris thebaica | Egyptian slit-faced bat |
Rhinolophus clivosus | Geoffroy’s horseshoe bat |
Rhinolophus fumigatus | Ruppel’s horseshoe bat |
Rhinolophus hildebrandtii | Hildebrandt’s horseshoe bat |
Scotoecus hindei | Dark-winged house lesser house bat |
Scotophilus dinganii | Yellow-bellied house bat |
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